Algorithms
Reading frame codons
- Has inherent biological logic.
- Codons (groups of three nucleotides) are mapped to 21 musical notes.
- Mapping is degenerate (more than one codons can map to the same musical note).
- Each of the 3 possible reading frames are mapped to 3 separate instruments.
- Start codons are emphesised.
- Stop codons are silenced.
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| RF 1 |
ACT|CAC|CCT|GAA|GTT|CTC|AGG|ATC|CAC|GTG|CAG|CTT|GTC|ACA|GTG|CAG|CTC|ACT|CAG|TGT| |
| Piano |
A#5|F.4|F.5|C.4|F.6|G.4|D#3|F#4|F.4|F.6|A#3|G.4|F.6|A#5|F.6|A#3|G.4|A#5|A#3|G.3| |
| RF 2 |
CTC|ACC|CTG|AAG|TTC|TCA|GGA|TCC|ACG|TGC|AGC|TTG|TCA|CAG|TGC|AGC|TCA|CTC|AGT| |
| Guitar |
G.4|A#5|G.4|A#4|D#5|F#5|D#4|F#5|A#5|G.3|F#5|G.4|F#5|A#3|G.3|F#5|F#5|G.4|F#5| |
| RF 3 |
TCA|CCC|TGA|AGT|TCT|CAG|GAT|CCA|CGT|GCA|GCT|TGT|CAC|AGT|GCA|GCT|CAC|TCA|GTG| |
| Organ |
F#5|F.5|G.5|F#5|F#5|A#3|F#3|F.5|D#3|C.3|C.3|G.3|F.4|F#5|C.3|C.3|F.4|F#5|F.6| |
| All Notes |
AGF|FAF|FGG|CAF|FDF|GFA|DDF|FFF|FAD|FGC|AFC|GGG|FFF|AAF|FGC|AFC|GFF|AGF|AFF|G| |
In this approach tri-nucleotides are processed in an analogous way to the biological rules of the genetic code (in which a codon consists of three consecutive bases coding for one of 20 amino acid building blocks of a protein). Each of 64 possible codons are mapped to one of 20 musical notes rather than amino acids, as is the STOP codon. Each of the three possible open reading frames is mapped to a separate instruments. In the absence of further DNA sequence annotation to indicate the actual reading frame of the sequence, each open reading frame (instrument) is voiced sequentially with equal bias.
Protein sequence
- Has inherent biological logic.
- Codons (groups of three nucleotides) are mapped to 21 musical notes.
- Mapping is degenerate (more than one codons can map to the same musical note).
- Only the first reading frames is mapped to an instrument.
- DNA sequence is akin to a gene coding region with introns removed (cDNA).
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| DNA sequence |
ACT|CAC|CCT|GAA|GTT|CTC|AGG|ATC|CAC|GTG|CAG|CTT|GTC|ACA|GTG|CAG|CTC|ACT|CAG|TGT| |
| "Protein (AA residues)" |
Thr|His|Pro|Glu|Val|Leu|Arg|Ile|His|Val|Gln|Leu|Val|Thr|Val|Gln|Leu|Thr|Gln|Cys| |
| Piano |
A#4|F.3|F.4|C.3|F.5|G.3|D#2|F#3|F.3|F.5|A#2|G.3|F.5|A#4|F.5|A#2|G.3|A#4|A#2|G.2| |
Tri-nucleotides
- Has no inherent biological logic.
- Each of 64 codons (groups of three nucleotides) are mapped to distinct musical notes.
- Only the first reading frames is mapped to an instrument.
- DNA sequence is akin to a gene coding region with introns removed (cDNA).
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| DNA sequence |
ACT|CAC|CCT|GAA|GTT|CTC|AGG|ATC|CAC|GTG|CAG|CTT|GTC|ACA|GTG|CAG|CTC|ACT|CAG|TGT| |
| Piano |
G#6|C.4|G.5|F#3|D#7|F#4|F.2|D#4|C.4|D.7|F.3|G#4|C#7|F.6|D.7|F.3|F#4|G#6|F.3|D#3| |
Di-nucleotides
- Has no inherent biological logic
- Groups of 16 possible two nucleotides pairs are mapped to distinct musical notes
- Only the first reading frames is mapped to an instrument
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| DNA sequence |
AC|TC|AC|CC|TG|AA|GT|TC|TC|AG|GA|TC|CA|CG|TG|CA|GC|TT|GT|CA|CA|GT|GC|AG|CT|CA|CT|CA|GT|GT| |
| Piano |
D#|A#|D#|F#|F.|A#|F.|A#|A#|G.|D#|A#|D#|C.|F.|D#|F#|G.|F.|D#|D#|F.|F#|G.|F.|D#|F.|D#|F.|F.| |
Di-nucleotide pairs
- Has no inherent biological logic
- Groups of 16 possible two nucleotides pairs are mapped to distinct musical notes
- Each of the 2 possible reading frames are mapped to 2 separate instruments
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| Two base-pairs 1 |
AC|TC|AC|CC|TG|AA|GT|TC|TC|AG|GA|TC|CA|CG|TG|CA|GC|TT|GT|CA|CA|GT|GC|AG|CT|CA|CT|CA|GT|GT| |
| Piano |
D#|A#|D#|F#|F.|A#|F.|A#|A#|G.|D#|A#|D#|C.|F.|D#|F#|G.|F.|D#|D#|F.|F#|G.|F.|D#|F.|D#|F.|F.| |
| Two-base pairs 2 |
CT|CA|CC|CT|GA|AG|TT|CT|CA|GG|AT|CC|AC|GT|GC|AG|CT|TG|TC|AC|AG|TG|CA|GC|TC|AC|TC|AG|TG| |
| Guitar |
F.|D#|F#|F.|D#|G.|G.|F.|D#|C.|C.|F#|D#|F.|F#|G.|F.|F.|A#|D#|G.|F.|D#|F#|A#|D#|A#|G.|F.| |
| All Notes |
DF|AD|DF|FF|FD|AG|FG|AF|AD|GC|DC|AF|DD|CF|FF|DG|FF|GF|FA|DD|DG|FF|FD|GF|FA|DD|FA|DG|FF|F| |
Mono-nucleotides
- Has no inherent biological logic
- Each of the 4 possible nucleotides pairs are mapped to 4 distinct musical notes
- Only one reading frames can be created mapping to a single instrument
| Audio generated from Random DNA sequence | |
|---|---|
| DNA sequence |
A |C |T |C |A |C |C |C |T |G |A |A |G |T |T |C |T |C |A |G |G |A |T |C |C |A |C |G |T |G |C |A |G |C |T |T |G |T |C |A |C |A |G |T |G |C |A |G |C |T |C |A |C |T |C |A |G |T |G |T | |
| Piano |
D#|F#|F.|F#|D#|F#|F#|F#|F.|C.|D#|D#|C.|F.|F.|F#|F.|F#|D#|C.|C.|D#|F.|F#|F#|D#|F#|C.|F.|C.|F#|D#|C.|F#|F.|F.|C.|F.|F#|D#|F#|D#|C.|F.|C.|F#|D#|C.|F#|F.|F#|D#|F#|F.|F#|D#|C.|F.|C.|F.| |
